Edward Barnard (1857-1923), US astronomer. Barnard came from a poor background and had little formal education. Despite this, he studied and taught astronomy at Vanderbilt University from 1883 to 1887, thereafter working at the Lick Observatory and, from 1895, at Yerkes Observatory. Barnard was a keen observer, detecting the first post-Galilean satellite of Jupiter (Almathea). In 1916 he detected a nearby red star with a proper motion of 10.3 arcseconds per year, the largest ever seen, now called Barnard's Star. In later years he studied the 'dark nebulae' in the sky, demonstrating that they were vast clouds of dust. Photographed at Lick Observatory in 1892.