Illustration showing the rounding up of Parisian citizens suspected of being members of the Paris Commune, by the National Guard, 1871. In this image a Parisian woman, tied by the wrists, is being pulled away from her small child, probably to be executed. Government troops, on horseback with fixed bayonets, can be seen in the background. At the end of the Franco-Prussian war, Parisian socialists set up the Commune and refused to surrender Paris to the rightwing French government. This led to bitter fighting on the streets of the city and large-scale executions of Communards.