Kani Naizen (1570 - 1616) was a Japanese painter of the Kani school, particularly known for his screen paintings (byi bu) of Namban (Southern Barbarians, i.e. Europeans). The Nanban trade (Nanban bi eki, 'Southern barbarian trade') or the Nanban trade period (Nanban bi eki jidai, 'Southern barbarian trade period') in Japanese history extends from the arrival of the first Europeans - Portuguese explorers, missionaries and merchants - to Japan in 1543, to their near-total exclusion from the archipelago in 1614, under the promulgation of the 'Sakoku' Seclusion Edicts.