Sonia (or Sophie) Kowalevski (or Kowalevski), Russian mathematician, (1850-1891). She was appointed professor of mathematics at Stockholm in 1884. Women were not normally permitted to study in this field at that time. They were barred from even unofficial or occasional attendance of lectures. She wrote novels. Her Vera Barantzova translated was into English in 1895. From Scientific American, (New York, 1888). Engraving.